The red lionfish (Pterois
volitans), also known as the scorpionfish, firefish and turkey
fish, is a tropical coral reef fish found in the Indo-Pacific region,
reaching as far east as French Polynesia. It has now become a potential
threat on the Atlantic coasts of the USA and in the Caribbean through
accidental introduction. It prefers a habitat with water temperatures of
between 22°C and 28°C and swims at the depth range of 10 to 175M. It favours
coral reefs and rocky outcrops, although it has been observed over coral
patches, near sandy bottoms and in mangrove, seagrass and even canal
habitats. It is also found in lagoons and harbours.
Red lionfish are visually stunning, being clad in white/cream
stripes alternated with red, maroon and/or brown stripes. These vertical
stripes alternate from wide to very thin. Adults in this species can grow
from 38 - 47 cm in length. As with many species within the Scopaenidae
family, it has large, venomous spines that protrude from the body, similar
to a mane, giving it the common name lionfish. The venomous spines make the
fish inedible or deter most potential predators, of which very few are
known. The average red lionfish lives around 10 years. Lionfish venomous
dorsal spines are used purely for defence and when threatened, the fish
often faces its attacker in an upside-down posture which brings its spines
to bear. However, its sting is usually not fatal to humans although if stung
humans will experience extreme pain and possibly headaches, vomiting, and
breathing difficulties.
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